Spirulina platensis from Nomayos: a potential health food for the management of COVID-19 infection

The proteins (37%), carbohydrates (24.4%) and lipids (30.1%) contents of S. platensis from Nomayos provide the body with its structural and energy needs for about 518.8 Kcal per 100g of spirulina. Polyphenols (56.4 mEq. QE / g ES.), flavanols (13.2 mEq. QE / g ES.) flavonoids (21.2 mEq. QE / g ES.), carotenoids (3, 8%) and phycocyanin (16.15%) is responsible of its antioxidant capacities (7.5 + 0.33 mg eq. Vit C/g ES) and for a significant decrease in malondialdehyde MDA (< 0.001) concentration. Zinc (25 mG/Kg), Iron (256 mG/Kg), Selenium (1.24 mG/Kg), Manganese (23mG/Kg) and Copper (28.95 mG/Kg) reinforce this antioxidant power because they are cofactors of enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, Peroxidase, Catalase) which ensure the fight against free radicals. The presence of phycocyanin is an asset for the anti-inflammatory action. The significant decrease in IL-8 (p < 0.001) and TNF alpha (p < 0.04) levels confirms this property. On the other hand, the nonsignificant increase in Il-6 (1.56 to 2.18 pg/m;p > 0.05) would be partly responsible for the rise in CD4 levels (p < 0.001) and the reduction in viral load in immune deficiency patients (p = 0.000) supplemented with spirulina. In conclusion, S. platensis from Nomayos by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immuno-stimulatory properties would be a good supplement food for subjects at risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19.

The possibilities of using the effects of ozone therapy in neurology

OBJECTIVES: The beneficial effects of ozone therapy consist mainly of the promotion of blood circulation: peripheral and central ischemia, immunomodulatory effect, energy boost, regenerative and reparative properties, and correction of chronic oxidative stress. Ozone therapy increases interest in new neuroprotective strategies that may represent therapeutic targets for minimizing the effects of oxidative stress. METHOD(S): The overview examines the latest literature in neurological pathologies treated with ozone therapy as well as our own experience with ozone therapy. The effectiveness of treatments is connected to the ability of ozone therapy to reactivate the antioxidant system to address oxidative stress for chronic neurodegenerative diseases, strokes, and other pathologies. Application options include large and small autohemotherapy, intramuscular application, intra-articular, intradiscal, paravertebral and epidural, non-invasive rectal, transdermal, mucosal, or ozonated oils and ointments. The combination of different types of ozone therapy stimulates the benefits of the effects of ozone. RESULT(S): Clinical studies on O2-O3 therapy have been shown to be efficient in the treatment of neurological degenerative disorders, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, orthopedic, gastrointestinal and genitourinary pathologies, fibromyalgia, skin diseases/wound healing, diabetes/ulcers, infectious diseases, and lung diseases, including the pandemic disease caused by the COVID-19 coronavirus. CONCLUSION(S): Ozone therapy is a relatively fast administration of ozone gas. When the correct dose is administered, no side effects occur. Further clinical and experimental studies will be needed to determine the optimal administration schedule and to evaluate the combination of ozone therapy with other therapies to increase the effectiveness of treatment.Copyright © 2021 Neuroendocrinology Letters.

A Direct Catalytic Ethanol Fuel Cell (DCEFC) Modified by LDHs, or by Catalase-LDHs, and Improvement in Its Kinetic Performance: Applications for Human Saliva and Disinfectant Products for COVID-19.

In this work, it has been experimentally proven that the kinetic performance of a common Direct Catalytic Ethanol Fuel Cell (DCEFC) can be increased by introducing nanostructured (ZnII,AlIII(OH)2)+NO3-·H2O Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) into the anode compartment. Carrying out the measurements with the open-circuit voltage method and using a kinetic format, it has been shown that the introduction of LDHs in the anodic compartment implies a 1.3-fold increase in the calibration sensitivity of the method. This improvement becomes even greater in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in a solution. Furthermore, we show that the calibration sensitivity increased by 8-times, when the fuel cell is modified by the enzyme catalase, crosslinked on LDHs and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The fuel cell, thus modified (with or without enzyme), has been used for analytical applications on real samples, such as biological (human saliva) and hand disinfectant samples, commonly used for the prevention of COVID-19, obtaining very positive results from both analytical and kinetic points of view on ethanol detection. Moreover, if the increase in the calibration sensitivity is of great importance from the point of view of analytical applications, it must be remarked that the increase in the speed of the ethanol oxidation process in the fuel cell can also be extremely useful for the purposes of improving the energy performance of a DCEFC.

TGFB1, FOXO1, and COMP Genes Expression in Blood of Patients with Osteoarthritis after SARS-CoV2 Infection.

Abstract-Nowadays the possible influence of the coronavirus infection on cartilage degeneration and synovial membrane inflammation during chronic joint pathology-osteoarthritis-remains largely unelucidated. The aim of the presented work is to analyze the TGFB1, FOXO1, and COMP gene expression and free radical generation intensity in blood of patients suffering from osteoarthritis after beating the SARS-CoV2 infection. The work was carried out using molecular genetics and biochemistry methods. The decrease of the TGFB1 and FOXO1 expression level was shown to be more evident in the osteoarthritis patients after COVID-19 if compared to the group with knee osteoarthritis during simultaneous and more prominent diminishing of both superoxide dismutase and catalase activity (possibly indicating cell redox state disruption and TGF- P1-FOXO1 signaling attenuation) in patients with osteoarthritis after SARS-CoV2 disease. At the same time, the more prominent decrease of COMP gene expression level was demonstrated in patients with osteoarthritis after COVID-19 compared to the group with knee osteoarthritis and more intense increase of the COMP concentration in patients with osteoarthritis after the SARS-CoV2 infection was revealed. These data indicate more significant activation of cell destructive processes after the infection as well as further pathology progression.

Network pharmacological mechanism of Runfei Ningshen Decoction in the treatment of insomnia caused by COVID-19

Objective: To study the mechanism of Runfei Ningshen Decoction in the treatment of insomnia caused by corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) by using network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. Methods: The chemical components and targets of Chinese medicinal materials of Runfei Ningshen Decoction in TCMSP, Batman, and CTD databases were searched. The relevant targets of novel coronavirus pneumonia and insomnia in Disgenet, GeneCards, CTD, and Malacards databases were searched. The component-target-disease network was established by using Cytoscape 3.2.1 software;The protein-protein intereation(PPI) network was constructed in string database. The common targets were enriched by using Cluster Profiler software package in R language software platform. The molecular docking of core targets related to insomnia caused by COVID-19 was carried out by using Discovery Studio 4.0 software. Results: 349 medicinal ingredients in Runfei Ningshen Decoction, 1 904 targets, 1 505 new coronavirus pneumonia-related targets, and 1 337 insomnia-related targets were collected. When the intersection of Venn diagrams were used, 404 common targets were obtained for the 2 diseases. 250 targets were intersected with the 2 diseases, and 33 core targets were screened out by the analysis of the interaction network between targets. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that Runfei Ningshen Decoction mainly acts on AKT1, INS, TP53, IL-6, key targets such as AKT1, INS, TP53, IL-6, JUN, CASP3, TNF, CAT, PTGS2 and CXCL8, which are involved in the important pathway processes such as human cytomegalovirus infection, fluid shear stress, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways in complications of atherosclerosis and diabetes. The results of molecular docking showed that the core target has a high affinity with beta-sitosterol, 1-methoxy phaseolin, 3'-hydroxy-4'-O-methylglycyrrhizin, and anhydroicariin. The prescription treatment of insomnia caused by COVID-19 may be through the targets such as PTGS2, AR, PPARG, NOS2, HSP90 AA1 and so on. Conclusion: Runfei Ningshen Decoction can treat insomnia caused by COVID-19 by inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-a.

A Comprehensive Review on the Medicinal Benefits of Honey with an Emphasis on Unani Medicine

Background: Honey has been used medicinally in folk medicine since the dawn of civili-zation. It is a necessary component of medicine and food in a wide variety of cultures. It has been used in Unani Medicine for centuries to treat a variety of ailments. Objective(s): This review article aims to explore the medicinal characteristics of honey in view of Unani and modern concepts, highlight its potential in the treatment of the ailments stated in Unani medical literature, and also explore the relevant evidence-based phytochemistry, pharmacological, and clinical data. Method(s): The authors searched classical texts exhaustively for information on the temperament (Mizaj), pharmacological activities, mechanism of action, and therapeutic benefits of honey. Addition-ally, a comprehensive search of internet databases was conducted to compile all available information on the physicochemical, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties of this compound. Result(s): Evidence suggests that honey contains about 180 different types of various compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, flavonoids, and other chemical substances. In Unani classical literature, it exerts important pharmacological actions besides its immense nutritional signifi-cance. Unani physicians advocated many tested/experimented prescriptions and formulations, which still have their relevance in the amelioration of various diseases. Conclusion(s): This analysis concludes that honey has been successfully utilized in Unani medicine for centuries to treat a variety of maladies and is a potential natural source of remedy for a variety of medical disorders. Future research on honey should include a combination of Unani and modern principles.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.

Arjunetin as a promising drug candidate against SARS-CoV-2: molecular dynamics simulation studies.

Stem and bark of the tree Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn. (Combretaceae) has been documented to exhibit therapeutic properties like cardiotonic, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, hypercholesterolemia, hypolipidemic, and anti-coagulant. Our previous studies have shown that, ethanolic extract of T. arjuna bark exhibits radical scavenging anti-oxidant activity and also effectively inhibited catalase activity. In this study, oleanane triterpenoids type compounds viz., oleanolic acid, arjunolic acid, arjunolitin, arjunetin were isolated from ethanolic bark extract as bio-active compound and their structures were elucidated using 1H, 13C NMR, HR-ESIMS, IR. Of the various compounds, Arjunetin showed significant inhibition of catalase activity as compared to the other compounds. Based on the structural similarity between arjunetin and current antiviral drugs, we propose that arjunetin might exhibit antiviral activity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies showed that arjunetin binds to the binds to key targets of SARS-CoV-2 namely, 3CLpro, PLpro, and RdRp) with a higher binding energy values (3CLpro, -8.4 kcal/mol; PLpro, -7.6 kcal/mol and RdRp, -8.1 kcal/mol) as compared with FDA approved protease inhibitor drugs to Lopinavir (3CLpro, -7.2 kcal/mole and PLpro -7.7 kcal/mole) and Remdesivir (RdRp -7.6 kcal/mole). To further investigate this, we performed 200-500 ns molecular dynamics simulation studies. The results transpired that the binding affinity of Arjunetin is higher than Remdesivir in the RNA binding cavity of RdRp. Based on structural similarity between arjunetin and Saikosaponin (a known antiviral agents) and based on our molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies, we propose that arjunetin can be a promising drug candidate against Covid-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Long-COVID and comorbid depression and anxiety two years into the COVID-19 pandemic

Long-COVID, or the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms for months after initial infection, has been shown to impact the lives of those affected. The current study sought to investigate the relationships between long-COVID, COVID-19 related stress, depression, anxiety, and comorbid depression and anxiety outcomes. Data were collected in Winter 2021-2022 from a population of adults enrolled in at least one course across multiple City University of New York (CUNY) campuses. Frequencies and chi-square tests were computed to assess for demographics and relationships to probable diagnoses of depression and anxiety, and binary logistic regressions were computed to assess for the odds of probable comorbid depression and anxiety based on demographics, stressors, and long-COVID. Women participants reported higher odds of probable depression outcomes, and stressor levels were significant correlates of probable anxiety outcomes. Women participants, 3.2 [1.5-6.9], as compared to men, lower-SES participants, 2.16 [1.1-4.2], as compared to higher-SES participants, participants with higher COVID-19 related stress levels, 4.8 [2.0-12.0], as compared to those with low levels, and participants with long-COVID, 3.7 [1.9-7.0], as compared to those without, all had higher odds of probable comorbid depression and anxiety. Findings highlight the importance of social location, stress, and long-COVID, in tandem, as correlates of psychological health during the shifting pandemic.

Influencing factors of adult thyroid volume in Lanzhou City

Objective: To investigate the thyroid volume of adults in Lanzhou City, and analyze its influencing factors.

Marked changes in NAMPT expression, CRP and D-dimer levels were associated with type 2 diabetes and those WHO were previously infected with COVID-19

As our understanding grows, it has been demonstrated that the metabolism of many biomolecules and immune responses can be clearly studied. via delving deeply into the relationship between intracellular NAD levels and immune responses. NAD has been shown to play an important role as a substrate for several NAD-dependent signaling enzymes (both degrading and synthesis enzymes) and has been linked to a variety of diseases, including diabetes and COVID 19. In this study, we looked at the expression of the main NAD-synthesizing enzyme (NAMPT), as well as D-Dimer and C-reactive protein levels in serum. This study included one hundred participants: twenty-five patients with type 2 diabetes who recovered from COVID 19, twenty-five type 2 diabetic patients who were not infected with COVID-19, and twenty-five people who recovered from COVID 19 but were not diabetic compared to twenty-five controls. NAMPT levels were determined using quantitative PCR;C-reactive protein levels as well as D-Dimer were determined using competitive fluorescent immunoassay technology. The results revealed a decrease in the expression levels of NAD-homeostasis enzyme (NAMPT), whileC-reactive protein and D-Dimer levels increased, in addition to the change in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase activity. These findings suggest that low NAD+ levels during infection may be associated with an inflammatory response as well as During infection with COVID 19, diabetes patients had elevated C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels.

Oxidative Stress Markers and Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Men Recovered from COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 negatively affects semen characteristics, impairs various biochemical processes in seminal fluid and within spermatogenic cells ultimately leading to male fertility decline. However, the distinct mechanisms, in particular, the role of oxidative stress on the consequences of coronavirus infection, have not been well investigated, which is the purpose of the present study. The standard semen parameters, its pro- and antioxidant system state, as well as the level of sperm DNA fragmentation, were assessed in 17 semen samples of men five months after the coronavirus infection and in 22 age-matched control patients. We determined that the DNA fragmentation rate negatively correlated with the period after coronavirus recovery, as well as seminal fluid superoxide dismutase activity and uric acid level. It was demonstrated that COVID-19 is not always associated with increased DNA fragmentation, allowing them to be considered as two independent factors. Thus, the most significant changes were noted in the samples of men after COVID-19 and abnormal TUNEL results: increased round cell number, decreased seminal fluid's nitrotyrosine level, and total antioxidant capacity and Zn, as well as an increased 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level within spermatozoa. The data obtained indicate that increased DNA fragmentation and diminished semen quality in men can be the result of an imbalance in semen pro- and antioxidant components after COVID-19.

Oxidative Stress and Biochemical Parameters among Recovered COVID-19 Patients: A Case-control Study

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly, infecting more than 194 million and killing more than 4 million people worldwide. Algeria has not escaped this scourge;according to World Health Organization (WHO), 162,155 confirmed cases and 4,063 deaths have been recorded from 3rdJanuary 2020 to 26thJuly 2021. Recent studies have indicated the critical role of an altered immune system, and oxidative stress in the pathological process contributing to several complications during COVID-19 disease. Aim: To determine blood markers, oxidant/antioxidant status and biochemical parameters in patients highly recovered from COVID-19 and compare with those who have never contracted COVID-19;considered as controls. Materials and Methods: The present case-control study was conducted in Tiaret, Algeria, between May 2021 and June 2021. Thirty healthy volunteers who had never contracted COVID-19 and 16 volunteers who recovered from COVID-19 in the last six months were included in the study. Blood samples were taken after 8 to 12 hours of fasting, the blood markers and biochemical parameters were evaluated. The participant with chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease) was excluded. Student's t-test was performed for statistical comparison between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel Microsoft 2010 software. Results. The control group consisted of 46.7% male (n=14) and 53.3% females (n=16). While, the case group consisted of 62.5% males (n=10) and 37.5% females (n=6). The plasma levels of Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C), p-value=0.004∗∗and creatinine increased very significantly in the cases compared to the controls. While, total cholesterol, p-value=0.04∗and Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), p-value=0.03∗ increased significantly in the case group on comparision to the control group. On the other hand, erythrocyte Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, p-value=0.009∗∗increased very significantly in the case group compared to controls. The erythrocyte activity catalase decreased highly significantly in the case group compared to the controls. But erythrocyte Reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased very significantly in group cases compared to controls. Conclusion: The findings in the present study confirmed the persistence of metabolic alterations and oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients after recovery. Antioxidant supplementation is recommended to improve redox status and reduce oxidative stress after recovery.

A review on ethnomedicinal and phytopharmacological potential of traditionally wild and endemic plant Berberis tinctoria Lesch

Introduction: Berberis tinctoria an evergreen shrub, endemic and predominantly found at a higher altitude of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India. This leaf and fruit are edible, which are also used in homeopathic remedies for countless illnesses. Objectives: B. tinctoria with diverse ethnomedicinal uses was focused in the prevailing study to detailed the phytochemical and pharmacological properties for further imminent research in this species. Materials and methods: Published data in this review were all gathered from the online bibliographical databases: PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and local ethnic community peoples of Kurumba and Toda. Results: B. tinctoria was used as a Ayurvedic and homeopathy medicine by the tribal communities. The previous findings of B. tinctoria were used for skin diseases, wound healing, inflammatory, menorrhagia, diarrhea, jaundice, and a snakebites. The phytochemical studies revealed that secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activity as a result of major alkaloid isoforms of berberine, berbamine, jatrorrhizine, etc. Conclusion: B. tinctoria is an important plant due to the presence of bioactive phytochemicals, especially berberine protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline. As a result of its diverse ethnopharmacological importance, as well as numerous commercial products and novel bioactive compounds yet to be discovered for future drug discovery and development.

Kombucha - An ancient fermented beverage with desired bioactivities: A narrowed review.

Kombucha, originated in China 2000  years ago, is a sour and sweet-tasted drink, prepared traditionally through fermentation of black tea. During the fermentation of kombucha, consisting of mainly acidic compounds, microorganisms, and a tiny amount of alcohol, a biofilm called SCOBY forms. The bacteria in kombucha has been generally identified as Acetobacteraceae. Kombucha is a noteworthy source of B complex vitamins, polyphenols, and organic acids (mainly acetic acid). Nowadays, kombucha is tended to be prepared with some other plant species, which, therefore, lead to variations in its composition. Pre-clinical studies conducted on kombucha revealed that it has desired bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-hypercholestorelomic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc. Only a few clinical studies have been also reported. In the current review, we aimed to overhaul pre-clinical bioactivities reported on kombucha as well as its brief compositional chemistry. The literature data indicate that kombucha has valuable biological effects on human health.

Photoinactivation of Catalase Sensitizes Candida albicans and Candida auris to ROS-Producing Agents and Immune Cells.

Microbes have developed their own specific strategies to cope with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase, a heme-containing tetramer expressed in a broad range of aerobic fungi, shows remarkable efficiency in degrading hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) for fungal survival and host invasion. Here, it is demonstrated that catalase inactivation by blue light renders fungal cells highly susceptible to ROS attack. To confirm catalase as a major molecular target of blue light, wild type Candida albicans are systematically compared with a catalase-deficient mutant strain regarding their susceptibility to ROS through 410 nm treatment. Upon testing a wide range of fungal species, it is found that intracellular catalase can be effectively and universally inactivated by 410 nm blue light. It is also found that photoinactivation of catalase in combination with ROS-generating agents is highly effective in total eradication of various fungal species, including multiple Candida auris strains, the causative agent of the global fungal epidemic. In addition, photoinactivation of catalase is shown to facilitate macrophage killing of intracellular Candida albicans. The antifungal efficacy of catalase photoinactivation is further validated using a C. albicans-induced mouse model of skin abrasion. Taken together, the findings offer a novel catalase-photoinactivation approach to address multidrug-resistant Candida infections.

Usefulness of oxidative stress marker evaluation at admission to the intensive care unit in patients with COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: Two critical processes in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic involve assessing patients' intensive care needs and predicting disease progression during patients' intensive care unit (ICU) stay. We aimed to evaluate oxidative stress marker status at ICU admission and ICU discharge status in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We included patients in a tertiary referral center ICU during June-December 2020. Scores of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and clinical severity, radiologic scores, and healthy discharge status were noted. We collected peripheral blood samples at ICU admission to evaluate total antioxidants, total oxidants, catalase, and myeloperoxidase levels. RESULTS: Thirty-one (24 male, 7 female) patients were included. At ICU admission, patients' mean APACHE II score at ICU admission was 17.61 ± 8.9; the mean SOFA score was 6.29 ± 3.16. There was no significant relationship between clinical severity and oxidative stress (OS) markers nor between radiological imaging and COVID-19 data classification and OS levels. Differences in OS levels between patients with healthy and exitus discharge status were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant relationship between oxidative stress marker status in patients with COVID-19 at ICU admission and patients' ICU discharge status.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection by a Cellphone-Based Amplification-Free System with CRISPR/CAS-Dependent Enzymatic (CASCADE) Assay.

CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-based diagnostic technologies have emerged as a promising alternative to accelerate delivery of SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection at the point of need. However, efficient translation of CRISPR-diagnostic technologies to field application is still hampered by dependence on target amplification and by reliance on fluorescence-based results readout. Herein, an amplification-free CRISPR/Cas12a-based diagnostic technology for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection is presented using a smartphone camera for results readout. This method, termed Cellphone-based amplification-free system with CRISPR/CAS-dependent enzymatic (CASCADE) assay, relies on mobile phone imaging of a catalase-generated gas bubble signal within a microfluidic channel and does not require any external hardware optical attachments. Upon specific detection of a SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcribed DNA/RNA heteroduplex target (orf1ab) by the ribonucleoprotein complex, the transcleavage collateral activity of the Cas12a protein on a Catalase:ssDNA probe triggers the bubble signal on the system. High analytical sensitivity in signal detection without previous target amplification (down to 50 copies µL-1) is observed in spiked samples, in ≈71 min from sample input to results readout. With the aid of a smartphone vision tool, high accuracy (AUC = 1.0; CI: 0.715 - 1.00) is achieved when the CASCADE system is tested with nasopharyngeal swab samples of PCR-positive COVID-19 patients.

Interaction of artemisinin protects the activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase: A biophysical study.

The major antioxidant enzyme catalase is downregulated and the enzyme activity is compromised in various disease conditions such as malarial and cancer. Hence, the restoration and protection of catalase is a promising therapeutic strategy in disease management. In the present study, for the first time we have demonstrated the protective role of well-known anti-malarial drug Artemisinin (ART) on the time and temperature-induced degradation of bovine liver catalase (BLC) activity. The findings at different time intervals and at higher temperature showed the protective role of ART on BLC activity. Molecular docking studies suggested specific binding of ART on BLC through heme group interface which was further supported by cyclic voltammetry and dynamic light scattering study. The stabilization of BLC in presence of ART was mediated through forming a BLC-ART complex with reduced and shifted electrochemical peak and increased hydrodynamic diameter. ART substantially prevents the temperature-induced reduction in α-helical content with simultaneous increment in other secondary structures like antiparallel, parallel, ß-turn and random coils. Nevertheless, the protective role of ART was accepted from the enhanced thermal stability and increased Tm value of BLC in presence of ART at higher temperatures. Our results uncover the mechanism of interaction between ART with BLC and suggest the protective role of ART towards spatiotemporal alteration of BLC by preventing the structural and molecular change in BLC. Thus, the findings advocate ART as a potential therapeutic drug for diseases associated with reduced catalase activity.

An Antioxidant Enzyme Therapeutic for COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a significant toll on people worldwide, and there are currently no specific antivirus drugs or vaccines. Herein it is a therapeutic based on catalase, an antioxidant enzyme that can effectively breakdown hydrogen peroxide and minimize the downstream reactive oxygen species, which are excessively produced resulting from the infection and inflammatory process, is reported. Catalase assists to regulate production of cytokines, protect oxidative injury, and repress replication of SARS-CoV-2, as demonstrated in human leukocytes and alveolar epithelial cells, and rhesus macaques, without noticeable toxicity. Such a therapeutic can be readily manufactured at low cost as a potential treatment for COVID-19.

Optimal multiparametric set-up modelled for best survival outcomes in palliative treatment of liver malignancies: unsupervised machine learning and 3 PM recommendations.

Over the last decade, a rapid rise in deaths due to liver disease has been observed especially amongst young people. Nowadays liver disease accounts for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide: 1 million due to complications of cirrhosis and 1 million due to viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Besides primary liver malignancies, almost all solid tumours are capable to spread metastases to the liver, in particular, gastrointestinal cancers, breast and genitourinary cancers, lung cancer, melanomas and sarcomas. A big portion of liver malignancies undergo palliative care. To this end, the paradigm of the palliative care in the liver cancer management is evolving from "just end of the life" care to careful evaluation of all aspects relevant for the survivorship. In the presented study, an evidence-based approach has been taken to target molecular pathways and subcellular components for modelling most optimal conditions with the longest survival rates for patients diagnosed with advanced liver malignancies who underwent palliative treatments. We developed an unsupervised machine learning (UML) approach to robustly identify patient subgroups based on estimated survival curves for each individual patient and each individual potential biomarker. UML using consensus hierarchical clustering of biomarker derived risk profiles resulted into 3 stable patient subgroups. There were no significant differences in age, gender, therapy, diagnosis or comorbidities across clusters. Survival times across clusters differed significantly. Furthermore, several of the biomarkers demonstrated highly significant pairwise differences between clusters after correction for multiple testing, namely, "comet assay" patterns of classes I, III, IV and expression rates of calgranulin A (S100), SOD2 and profilin-all measured ex vivo in circulating leucocytes. Considering worst, intermediate and best survival curves with regard to identified clusters and corresponding patterns of parameters measured, clear differences were found for "comet assay" and S100 expression patterns. In conclusion, multi-faceted cancer control within the palliative care of liver malignancies is crucial for improved disease outcomes including individualised patient profiling, predictive models and implementation of corresponding cost-effective risks mitigating measures detailed in the paper. The "proof-of-principle" model is presented.